Outcome distributions vary across racial groups even when controlling for stop reason. Black and Hispanic drivers show higher arrest rates compared to white and Asian/Pacific Islander drivers, a pattern that is consistent across the dataset.
These differences do not by themselves establish causation, but they indicate that demographic group is associated with enforcement outcome in ways that deserve closer examination. Conclusions here should be framed as correlational, not causal.
| Race | Total Stops | Warning % | Citation % | Arrest % |
|---|
| Age Group | Total Stops | Arrests | Arrest Rate |
|---|
The stacked bars compare warning, citation, and arrest shares within each racial group. Shifts in the arrest segment show where enforcement outcomes diverge most sharply across groups.
This view isolates arrest rate alone. Darker bars emphasize groups with arrest percentages above the chart’s mid threshold, making cross-group contrasts easier to read at a glance.
After excluding the residual “Other” age bucket, the age bracket with the highest arrest rate is drawn in the deep accent color so it stands out against the other bands for quick comparison.
Black and Hispanic drivers show higher arrest rates than white and Asian/Pacific Islander drivers, while overall stop volumes also vary by group. These patterns suggest that enforcement outcomes are not evenly distributed across demographics.